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National Sovereignty Day
The National Sovereignty Day ((スペイン語:Día de la Soberanía Nacional)) is a national public holiday of Argentina, celebrated during November 20. It commemorates the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado, when a small Argentine army stood against an Anglo-French navy that broke into the Paraná River, against the will of the Argentine Confederation. Although the battle itself ended with an Argentine defeat, the losses of Britain and France in the whole military campaign were so high that both countries were forced to the bargaining table and signed a treaty with Juan Manuel de Rosas. The day was enacted as a national observance in 1974, following a request from the revisionist historian José María Rosa, and promoted into a national holiday in 2010.
==History==
José María Rosa was the first one to make reference to November 20 as the Argentine's National Sovereignty day. It was in 1950, during the second administration of Juan Domingo Perón.〔Hernández, pp. 28-29〕 The Peronist government did not endorse openly the historical revisionism of the history of Argentina (which sought to modify the mainstream perspectives over Juan Manuel de Rosas), but it allowed public manifestations of it. Perón himself admired Rosas and the battle of Vuelta de Obligado since his time in the military school,〔Galasso, pp. 63-64〕 but did not engage in the historiographical controversy during his presidency: he maintained that "''I have enough problems with living people, to fight with dead people as well''".〔(スペイン語:Demasiado problema tengo con los vivos, para pelearme también con los muertos) Cited by Hernández, p. 23〕 The Rosist revisionism was forbidden during the peronist proscription of the ''Revolución Libertadora''.〔 The first official mention to the date was done by the governor of Buenos Aires province Carlos Aloé in 1953.
In 1954 José María Rosa and Ernesto Palacio created the "Popular organization for the repatriation of the remains of General Rosas". Rosas died in 1877 in Southampton, and his body hadn't been returned to Argentina.〔Hernández, p. 45〕 Law 20.769 was proposed to both repatriate the body of Rosas and create a Day of National Sovereignty by Senator Cornejo Linares. The proposal was approved on November 14, 1973 by the Senate. It was approved with amendments by the Chamber of Deputees, and returned to the Senate. The new version did not include the new observance but just the repatriation. As a result, deputee Gallo proposed a new law, law 20.770, specifically for the new observance. Both laws were approved on September 25 and 26, 1974. Law 20.770 was promulgated by executive power the following October 3.
In 2010, year of the Argentina Bicentennial, president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who openly supports the Argentine historical revisionism,〔Hernández, p. 69〕 made a new proposal to increase the number of holidays in Argentina. One of the proposals was to turn the Day of National Sovereignty into a national holiday, instead of just an observance. The proposal was later promulgated by a Necessity and Urgency Decree on November 3.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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